FORTUNY, Venice (workshop)<br />
 Mariano FORTUNY (designer)<br/>
<em>Delphos</em> (c. 1920) <!-- (front view) --><br />

silk, venetian glass beads<br />
140.6 cm (centre back) 37.4 cm (waist, flat)<br />
National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne<br />
Purchased, 1977<br />
D82-1977<br />

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EN

IT

Delphos

Mariano Fortuny

Delphos

Mariano Fortuny

NGV ITALIA

Discover stories of Italian art, design, culture and life in the NGV Collection through dedicated events and resources, and explore two millennia of Italian painting, sculpture, prints and drawings, decorative arts and textiles, brought together for the first time on this site.

Supported by the Italian Australian Foundation

NGV ITALIA

Discover stories of Italian art, design, culture and life in the NGV Collection through dedicated events and resources, and explore two millennia of Italian painting, sculpture, prints and drawings, decorative arts and textiles, brought together for the first time on this site.

Supported by the Italian Australian Foundation

Originally born in Spain, Mariano Fortuny relocated to Venice with his family in 1889, where he remained for the rest of his life. From a family of established artists, at an early age he garnered an appreciation for tradition and historical cultural achievements. Formally trained as a painter, he was also an accomplished, etcher, photographer, and costume, set, fashion and textile designer. Fortuny was as equally invested in the arts as he was the sciences. Between 1901 and 1934, he registered more than twenty inventions in Paris and obtained patents for operational systems, stage lighting, textile-printing processes and his most coveted gown, the Delphos.

From around 1907 until his death in 1949, fashion and textile design imbued his creative practice. A visionary designer and artist, his designs were enriched by explorations of traditional and innovative artisanal textile practices and technical excellence. With reference to Classical Greece, the Renaissance, fifteenth–sixteenth century Venetian art and Arabic culture, Fortuny adapted historical typologies to create his own aesthetic that set him apart from his contemporaries. His garments and textiles were simultaneously decorative and functional, transcending time. His work attracted the attention of creatives Marcel Proust, Isadora Duncan and Peggy Guggenheim  

Not only did Fortuny design, he and his wife, Henriette developed their own construction and production processes to execute Fortuny’s vision. Henriette is often referred to as Fortuny’s muse, frequently the subject of his paintings and photographs; however, less known, she was also co-designer. Fortuny, on a handwritten note on the 1909 patent of the Delphos design, attributes Henriette as the true creator of the gown. The design takes its name and inspiration from Ionic chiton Greek statuary discovered in Delphi in 1896 and is constructed from four to five panels of more than four-hundred hand pleats that gently envelop the body. 

Fortuny’s silhouettes were uncluttered, designed to drape over an uncorseted body and drew from a range of non-Western archetypes. Like other early twentieth-century designers Paul Poiret and Chanel, his work sought to free the body from the restrictive dress conventions of the previous century.

Famously, Fortuny styled his pleated gowns with draped jackets and cloaks. Predominantly working in silk and silk velvet, he experimented with dyes, beadwork and block and stencil patterning while also engineering his own machine fabrications. Coat depicts Fortuny’s meticulously printed and embossed velvets, especially the way he infused cloth with distinctively Venetian patterns and palettes, emulative of the shimmering reflections of the Lagoon city’s art and architecture. A recurring silhouette was his t-shaped outwear, inspired by the form of Coptic tunics as evident in Evening robe, featuring Coptic-inspired prints motifs and Murano glass beading. A visionary designer and artist, Fortuny was a pioneer of early twentieth century textile design and dress reform.

Charlotte Botica, Curatorial Project Officer, Fashion and Textiles, National Gallery of Victoria 

FORTUNY, Venice (fashion house)<br />
 Mariano FORTUNY (designer)<br/>
<em>Evening robe</em> (c. 1930) <!-- (front 3/4) --><br />

silk (satin), glass (beads)<br />
132.0 cm (centre back) 95.5 cm (waist, flat)<br />
National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne<br />
Gift of Krystyna Campbell-Pretty AM and Family through the Australian Government&rsquo;s Cultural Gifts Program, 2021<br />
2021.634<br />

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Nato in Spagna, Mariano Fortuny si trasferì a Venezia con la famiglia nel 1889, dove rimase per il resto della sua vita. Proveniente da una famiglia di artisti affermati, maturò fin da piccolo un apprezzamento per la tradizione e le conquiste culturali storiche. Formatosi come pittore, fu però anche un abile incisore, fotografo, stilista e disegnatore di costumi, scenografie e tessuti. L’interesse di Fortuny nella scienza era paragonabile a quello per l’arte. Tra il 1901 e il 1934 fece registrare a Parigi più di venti invenzioni ottenendo brevetti per sistemi operativi, sistemi d’illuminazione di scena, processi di stampa tessile così come un brevetto per il suo abito più ambito, il Delphos.

Dal 1907 circa fino alla sua morte, la moda e il design tessile impregnarono la sua pratica creativa. I suoi progetti furono arricchiti dall’esplorazione di pratiche tessili artigianali tradizionali e innovative oltre che dall’eccellenza tecnica. Facendo riferimento alla Grecia classica, al Rinascimento, all’arte veneziana del XV-XVI secolo e alla cultura araba, Fortuny adattò le tipologie storiche per creare una propria estetica che lo distingueva dai suoi contemporanei. I suoi abiti e tessuti erano contemporaneamente decorativi e funzionali, trascendendo il tempo. Il suo lavoro attirò l’attenzione di personaggi creativi, come Marcel Proust, Isadora Duncan e Peggy Guggenheim.

Fortuny non si limitò a creare il design dei suoi progetti, ma insieme alla moglie Henriette sviluppò i propri processi di costruzione e produzione realizzando così a pieno la sua visione. Henriette viene spesso definita come la musa di Fortuny, spesso soggetto dei suoi dipinti e delle sue fotografie; tuttavia, è meno noto che fu anche co-progettista di molte opere del marito. In una nota scritta a mano sul brevetto del 1909 del design Delphos, Fortuny attribuisce a Henriette il ruolo di vera creatrice dell’abito. Il design prende il nome e l’ispirazione dalla scultura greca ionica chitone scoperta a Delfi nel 1896 ed è realizzato con quattro-cinque pannelli di oltre quattrocento pieghe fatte a mano che avvolgono delicatamente il corpo.

Le forme di Fortuny erano semplici e rifiutavano la distorsione del corpo e la moda commerciale. Famoso è l’accostamento dei suoi abiti plissettati a giacche e mantelli drappeggiati. Lavorando prevalentemente in seta, sperimentò con le tinture, la lavorazione delle perline e la modellazione a blocchi e a stencil, progettando anche le proprie lavorazioni a macchina. Attraverso i tessuti reimmaginò un repertorio selezionato di forme. Un’altra figura ricorrente era l’abbigliamento a forma di T, come evidente in Evening robe, ca. 1930, caratterizzata da motivi di stampa di ispirazione copta e da perline in vetro di Murano.

Gli abiti di Fortuny erano all’avanguardia della riforma dell’abbigliamento dei primi del Novecento, progettati per drappeggiare su un corpo che non indossava il busto. Designer e artista visionario, Fortuny è stato un pioniere dell’Estetismo del primo Novecento.

Charlotte Botica, Curatorial Project Officer, Moda e Tessuti, National Gallery of Victoria 

FORTUNY, Venice (fashion house)<br />
 Mariano FORTUNY (designer)<br/>
<em>Evening robe</em> (c. 1930) <!-- (front 3/4) --><br />

silk (satin), glass (beads)<br />
132.0 cm (centre back) 95.5 cm (waist, flat)<br />
National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne<br />
Gift of Krystyna Campbell-Pretty AM and Family through the Australian Government&rsquo;s Cultural Gifts Program, 2021<br />
2021.634<br />

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FORTUNY, Venice (workshop)
Mariano FORTUNY (designer)
Delphos (c. 1920)
silk, venetian glass beads
140.6 cm (centre back) 37.4 cm (waist, flat)
National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne
Purchased, 1977
D82-1977

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