Mengs was an early exponent of neoclassicism who was drawn to Italy by the renewed interest in Rome’s classical past. From Rome he travelled south to Naples, where he painted for the ruling Spanish nobility. In 1761 he was enticed to Madrid where he was appointed Court Painter, a position he held for sixteen years. The sitter is the youngest son of King Felipe V of Spain and Isabella Farnese. In this refined neoclassical court portrait, he wears the blue ribbon of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Don Luis was a great patron of the arts and supporter of the painter Francisco de Goya and the Italian cellist Luigi Boccherini when the latter worked in Madrid.