[i] Brought to Australia by from Brussels when the couple emigrated in the 1880s.
[ii] This portrait – along with two other portraits by Edouard Agneessens (accession nos E3-1987 and E4-1987) – was given to Maloney, a family acquaintance, as security for cash advancement when the Costermans family ran into financial trouble during the 1890s depression. Letter to Sonia Dean from Leon Costermans, dated 27 June 1994, NGV Curatorial files.
[iii] Auction details unknown.