Robert Dudley (c. 1532/33–1588) was the favourite of Queen Elizabeth I of England, and many historians have speculated that he was her lover. Through Elizabeth’s favour, Dudley became a prominent figure at court, and she made him Earl of Leicester in 1564. Numerous portraits of Dudley attest to his prominence in the Elizabethan period and his role as a patron of the arts. This portrait, once attributed to the Italian artist Federico Zuccaro, is one of many extant images apparently based on the fine half-length portrait of Dudley in the Rothschild Collection in England.