Berlin wool-work patterns were first published in the early nineteenth century as a standardised form of domestic needlecraft. Black-and-white patterns were printed onto grid paper and then hand-coloured; a method that enabled the amateur to clearly identify the colour and count of each stitch. Later, these designs were industrially printed. Typically worked in cross- or tent stitch, Berlin work is characterised by the use of vibrantly-hued wool yarns often stitched in several shades of the same colour to produce a three-dimensional effect. This particular sampler was most likely a reference tool illustrating how designs would look when worked.