Chinese porcelains were first imported into Europe during the fourteenth century and were considered items of great luxury and rarity. From the early sixteenth century onwards, following Portugal’s establishment of commercial sea trade routes to Asia, Chinese potters began producing porcelains specifically for the European market. Porcelain began to arrive in increasing quantity throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, together with cargoes of tea, silks, paintings, lacquerware, metalwork and ivory. The blue-and-white vessels that comprised a large part of exported porcelain became known as kraak wares, the term deriving from the Dutch word for caracca, a sixteenth-century Portuguese merchant ship.