Kay Lindjuwanga was born in 1957, the daughter of major artist Peter Marralwanga (c. 1916–87) and sister of Bill Namunjdja, Samuel Namunjdja and Ivan Namirrki. A Kuninjku (Eastern Kunwinjku) speaker, Kay belongs to the Yirridjdja moiety, the Kardbam clan and the Bulanj subsection and is married to major artist John Mawurndjul. Like other female Kuninjku artists, Lindjuwanga learnt to paint by watching her father, brothers and husband, and eventually began to paint on bark by helping her husband fill in the background rarrk.